Establishing Companies in Free Zones in Egypt Free zones in Egypt represent a unique investment model, as they are one of the investment systems governed by the provisions of Investment Law No. 72 of 2017 and its executive regulations, which are supervised by the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI). What Are Free Zones? They are parts of the state’s territory that fall within its borders and are subject to its administrative authority, but transactions within them follow special customs, tax, and monetary regulations. Currently, there are 9 public free zones distributed across the country: Damietta – Port Said – Ismailia – Suez – Nasr City – Shebin El-Kom – Media Production City in Cairo – Alexandria – Qeft All zones are fully equipped with infrastructure and utilities necessary for operations and project accommodation such as:roads – electricity – sewage plants – water networks – telephone linesIn addition, each zone contains a fully integrated customs unit, a port security police unit, and a 24-hour security unit.The locations were strategically selected in major cities known for their geographic advantages, availability of labor, supportive capabilities, and proximity to seaports and airports. Investment spaces are allocated under an annual rental system per square meter, depending on the project’s activity: $5 for industrial activities $10 for service activities Permitted Activities in Free Zones Establishing companies in Egypt’s free zones is allowed for all investment activities permitted by GAFI’s policies, particularly export-oriented industries, except for the following: Weapons, ammunition, explosives, and anything related to national security Alcoholic beverages and spirits Fertilizer manufacturing Iron and steel manufacturing Petroleum refining Liquefaction, processing, and transport of natural gas Energy-intensive industries Advantages Granted to Projects Full freedom to transfer invested capital and project profits abroad Freedom to choose investment fields and the legal form of the project Freedom to determine product prices and profit margins No minimum or maximum limits on capital for projects in public free zones No restrictions on the nationality of the capital Foreign investors are granted residence facilitation Foreign workers are granted residence permits upon project request Guarantees Granted to Projects Legal action cannot be taken against free zone projects without first referring to the authority Projects and establishments cannot be nationalized or confiscated It is not permissible through administrative means to impose guardianship, seize assets, or freeze/confiscate them without a judicial ruling Exemptions Granted to Projects Exemption of all capital assets and production inputs necessary for the project’s activity (excluding passenger cars) from any customs duties, sales taxes, or other taxes throughout the activity period—even if they are temporarily located outside the free zone Exemption of project imports and exports to and from outside the country from all customs duties or taxes, including sales tax and other applicable taxes or duties within Egypt The project and its profits are not subject to any domestic tax or customs legislation during its operation period Project imports and exports to/from outside Egypt are not subject to any regular customs procedures or import rules applicable within the country Exemption of project imports from the local market from value-added tax (VAT) Exemption of transit goods (with a specified final destination) from any applicable duties on inbound and outbound goods, under the following conditions: The project is located within the customs zone The goods’ final destination is specified in the bill of lading and invoice Full exemption for local components in goods produced by free zone projects when sold to the local market (inside the country) from customs duties on those components

Company liquidation is a key legal step when ceasing activity or dissolving a company in general, whether in the case of liquidating a partnership company, a joint-stock company, or a limited liability company. The decision to liquidate a company is issued by the partners, the general assembly, or the owner. Canceling the commercial registration is the first legal step to liquidate the company and avoid fines and taxes.    In this article, we will discuss the reasons for liquidating partnership companies, as well as the liquidation steps and the necessary documents to comply with the legal form of proper liquidation under laws and regulations. Table of ContentsPartnership Companies Reasons for Liquidating a Partnership Company Steps to Liquidate Partnership Companies  Required Documents for Liquidating Partnership Companies Fees for Liquidating a Partnership Company   Impact of Liquidating Partnership Companies on the Saudi Economy Benefits of Enacting the Partnership Company Liquidation System  Liquidating a Partnership Company with the Help of Experts at Tariq Al-A’mal Al-Alamiya (Global Business Path) Partnership Companies Partnership companies are a type of company composed of two or more partners, where each partner is fully responsible for the company’s debts and obligations. These companies were common in the past due to their ease of establishment and flexibility, but they faced challenges related to transparency and protecting the rights of partners and creditors. In partnership companies, there is no separation between the company’s assets and the partners’ personal assets, meaning that partners can lose their personal assets in case of company bankruptcy. This is the fundamental difference between limited liability companies and partnership companies.  Reasons for Liquidating a Partnership Company Liquidating a partnership company does not necessarily result from a dispute; rather, there are several general reasons that lead to liquidating companies of various types, including partnership companies. These reasons include: The expiration of the company’s term, if a specific duration was defined in the founding contract. The disappearance of the company’s founding purpose. The impossibility of practicing the company’s activity due to loss of capital. Dissolution of the company by law, based on a judicial ruling for any reason. Partners’ consensus to dissolve the company. Death of one of the founding members, provided this is mentioned in the company’s founding contract. A rare case that may cause liquidation: only one partner remains due to the death, withdrawal, or bankruptcy of the others. In this case, the remaining partner has 90 days to correct the path by adding a partner or changing the company type; otherwise, the company is liquidated by law if not corrected within this period.  Steps to Liquidate Partnership Companies The liquidation process includes several steps, divided into general steps and executive steps:  General Steps Settling obligations: All company debts and financial obligations are paid off. This is done after a comprehensive review of the company’s financial status and identifying all creditors. Distributing assets: After settling debts, the remaining assets are distributed among partners according to their shares. This step requires preparing a detailed report on the company’s assets and liabilities. Announcing the liquidation: The liquidation is officially announced through the legally specified means, such as publication in the official gazette or on the Saudi Ministry of Commerce website.  Executive Steps You can always visit the National Platform for Government Services in Saudi Arabia and start the liquidation request by following these steps: Access the Partner Decisions System link (PD.MC.GOV.SA). Select the required service. Fill out the form and submit the request. After approval and documentation of the request, pay the fees. The contract is published. The commercial registration is canceled via the digital branch.  Required Documents for Liquidating Partnership Companies Some documents are required to complete the company liquidation legally and to cancel the commercial registration. These documents are submitted in two stages:  First Stage of Liquidation Partners’ liquidation decision according to an official meeting minutes on company stationery, certified by the Chamber of Commerce or a Ministry of Commerce official. Liquidator’s seal on stationery, with signature certification. A recent financial statement for the company as of the liquidation date from a certified public accountant in Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Investment approval for liquidation if the company is licensed by the Ministry of Investment. Second Stage of Liquidation After 30 days from the publication of the decision submitted in the first stage, a new decision is submitted for the second stage with the following requirements: A certificate from the General Authority of Zakat and Income confirming no objection to canceling the commercial registration of the liquidated company. Seal of liquidation end date on stationery, with signature certification. Final account from a certified public accountant in Saudi Arabia.  Impact of Liquidating Partnership Companies on the Saudi Economy This is viewed as a positive indicator that strengthens the Saudi economy because the liquidation system leads to: Increasing confidence in the private sector: By enhancing transparency and protecting the rights of different parties, investor confidence in the private sector grows. This leads to increased investments and economic growth. Improving the Kingdom’s global ranking: These reforms help improve Saudi Arabia’s ranking in international business environment indices, such as the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index. Encouraging modern companies: Instead of partnership companies, the establishment of limited liability companies (LLCs) or joint-stock companies is encouraged, which provide greater protection for partners and are more suitable for large investments. Benefits of Enacting the Partnership Company Liquidation System Enhancing transparency: Partnership companies often suffered from a lack of financial and administrative disclosure, leading to difficulties in monitoring their performance and protecting stakeholders’ rights. This lack of transparency was a barrier to attracting foreign and local investments. Protecting creditors’ rights: Since partners in partnership companies are personally liable for company debts, there were significant risks to creditors in case of company bankruptcy. Liquidating these companies helps reduce these risks and protect creditors’ rights. Complying with international standards: Liquidating partnership companies aligns with Saudi Arabia’s move to comply with international corporate governance standards, boosting the confidence of foreign and local investors. This step helps improve the Kingdom’s

The Golden Residency is a long-term residence visa that allows its holder to stay in the UAE for a period ranging from 5 to 10 years. This residency is granted to various categories, such as investors, entrepreneurs, doctors, creatives, researchers, and special talents, provided that specific criteria and conditions are met for each category. The Golden Residency is a strategic step to attract talents and expertise and to boost investments within the UAE, contributing to sustainable economic and social development. If you wish to obtain a long-term residency inside the UAE, here in this article are all the necessary details from the beginning until obtaining the residency. What is the Golden Residency? The Golden Residency program is a program launched by the UAE government aiming to grant its holder the opportunity to reside in the UAE without the need for a sponsor or guarantor inside the country. It has been issued to include granting stay for different durations depending on the applicant’s category. The residency can be for five or 10 years according to the issuance category. The Golden Residency holder enjoys many exclusive benefits, which include a multiple-entry visa valid for a certain period inside the UAE, a residency visa inside the UAE for five or 10 years renewable, and the ability to travel and stay outside the UAE for a period exceeding six months. Benefits of the Golden Residency in the UAE Permanent residency in the UAE provides many advantages that cannot be obtained from other types of residencies, including the following: No need for a sponsor inside the country. Issuing residency permits for the family of the residency holder, including spouse and children. Ability to bring in a number of support service workers for the residency holder. Allows family members to stay inside the UAE for the entire duration of the residency. Types of Golden Residency in the UAE It is worth noting that the Golden Residency is granted to many categories, each with different conditions and costs. These categories include: Investors in public investments Real estate investors Entrepreneurs Talented individuals Specializations including doctors, scientists, and those in arts and culture Inventors, executive managers, and specialists in scientific fields Conditions for the Golden Residency The conditions for granting the Golden Residency vary according to the applying category; conditions differ between investors, real estate investors, scientists, executive managers, and doctors. Below are the conditions that must be met for each category to obtain the semi-permanent residency in the UAE: Obtaining the Golden Residency for Real Estate Investors You can obtain the Golden Residency by investing in real estate in the UAE. Several conditions are required, the first of which is owning a property worth no less than 2 million AED. In this case, you will be granted a visa to enter the UAE valid for five years, renewable without the need for a sponsor. In addition to owning property worth 2 million AED, a proof of ownership must be issued from the Real Estate Registration Department confirming ownership of the property to the applicant for residency, without any outstanding loans against the property from UAE banks. Also, proof of residence within the UAE must be provided, either by ownership of a property or a valid tenancy contract. Obtaining the Golden Residency for Investors in Public Investments Applicants for the Golden Residency can obtain a residency visa valid for up to 10 years without the need for a sponsor, provided they invest no less than 2 million AED in one of the approved investment funds inside the UAE. In addition to submitting documents proving the deposit of the mentioned amount as a minimum, a valid trade license, and a company establishment contract. It must also be verified that the invested amount was not obtained through a loan from any bank inside the UAE. Golden Card for Doctors and Skilled Professionals The UAE offers a unique opportunity for specific categories of doctors, skilled professionals, and special talents to obtain long-term residency, also known as the “Golden Card.” This initiative aims to attract exceptional competencies and talents that contribute to enhancing the country’s economic and social development. Residency for High Salary Earners Individuals with salaries exceeding 30,000 AED (basic salary) can apply for long-term residency in the UAE, but they must provide official proof of receiving this salary from the competent authority. Steps to Obtain the Golden Residency If you aim to obtain a long-term residency that can extend up to 10 years, you should follow these steps: Check eligibility for the qualified categories. Submit the nomination application via the official platform. Attach the necessary documents according to the category. Pay the prescribed fees for the application. Application evaluation and approval by the competent authorities. Issuance of the Golden Residency after approval. Obtaining long-term residency in the UAE can be the ideal solution to provide a safe life for you and your family. You can contact us at Global Business Path, and we will assist you in obtaining the Golden Residency from the first step until the end. Exclusive Benefits of the Golden Residency in the UAE His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, announced permanent residency in the UAE, which includes many unique advantages: Multiple-entry visa: valid for six months to complete the Golden Residency procedures inside the UAE. Long-term renewable residency: lasting 5 or 10 years depending on the eligible category, with renewal possibilities under specified conditions. Independence from a sponsor: provides the freedom to start businesses, work, and own property without the need for a sponsor. Family residency permits: ability to issue residency permits for family members, including spouse and children. Bringing in supporting labor: allows holders to bring an unlimited number of supporting workers. Family stability after death: grants residency to family members of the deceased until the end of the residency period. High-level facilities: thanks to the UAE’s advanced infrastructure. Income tax exemption: exempts Golden Residency holders from paying income tax. Prestigious

قانون العمل السعودى، الميثاق الرسمى للحفاظ على حقوق العاملين فى السعودية. تعرف المملكة العربية السعودية على أنها واحدة من أهم وجهات العمل وكسب العيش في العالم حيث يعمل بها ملايين من العمال من العديد من الجنسيات, ومن أجل توفير بيئة عمل سليمة وأمنة صدر قانون العمل السعودي في عام 2005 في عهد الملك عبد الله بن عبد العزيز ثم بعد ذلك حدث للقانون عدة تحديثات أهمها ما صدر في أغسطس 2024 فقد تم تحديث وحذف عدة مواد وظهر جليا أن التوجه العام لدى المملكة هو توفير بيئة عمل تنافسية وعادلة في نفس الوقت.