Establishing Companies in Free Zones in Egypt Free zones in Egypt represent a unique investment model, as they are one of the investment systems governed by the provisions of Investment Law No. 72 of 2017 and its executive regulations, which are supervised by the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI). What Are Free Zones? They are parts of the state’s territory that fall within its borders and are subject to its administrative authority, but transactions within them follow special customs, tax, and monetary regulations. Currently, there are 9 public free zones distributed across the country: Damietta – Port Said – Ismailia – Suez – Nasr City – Shebin El-Kom – Media Production City in Cairo – Alexandria – Qeft All zones are fully equipped with infrastructure and utilities necessary for operations and project accommodation such as:roads – electricity – sewage plants – water networks – telephone linesIn addition, each zone contains a fully integrated customs unit, a port security police unit, and a 24-hour security unit.The locations were strategically selected in major cities known for their geographic advantages, availability of labor, supportive capabilities, and proximity to seaports and airports. Investment spaces are allocated under an annual rental system per square meter, depending on the project’s activity: $5 for industrial activities $10 for service activities Permitted Activities in Free Zones Establishing companies in Egypt’s free zones is allowed for all investment activities permitted by GAFI’s policies, particularly export-oriented industries, except for the following: Weapons, ammunition, explosives, and anything related to national security Alcoholic beverages and spirits Fertilizer manufacturing Iron and steel manufacturing Petroleum refining Liquefaction, processing, and transport of natural gas Energy-intensive industries Advantages Granted to Projects Full freedom to transfer invested capital and project profits abroad Freedom to choose investment fields and the legal form of the project Freedom to determine product prices and profit margins No minimum or maximum limits on capital for projects in public free zones No restrictions on the nationality of the capital Foreign investors are granted residence facilitation Foreign workers are granted residence permits upon project request Guarantees Granted to Projects Legal action cannot be taken against free zone projects without first referring to the authority Projects and establishments cannot be nationalized or confiscated It is not permissible through administrative means to impose guardianship, seize assets, or freeze/confiscate them without a judicial ruling Exemptions Granted to Projects Exemption of all capital assets and production inputs necessary for the project’s activity (excluding passenger cars) from any customs duties, sales taxes, or other taxes throughout the activity period—even if they are temporarily located outside the free zone Exemption of project imports and exports to and from outside the country from all customs duties or taxes, including sales tax and other applicable taxes or duties within Egypt The project and its profits are not subject to any domestic tax or customs legislation during its operation period Project imports and exports to/from outside Egypt are not subject to any regular customs procedures or import rules applicable within the country Exemption of project imports from the local market from value-added tax (VAT) Exemption of transit goods (with a specified final destination) from any applicable duties on inbound and outbound goods, under the following conditions: The project is located within the customs zone The goods’ final destination is specified in the bill of lading and invoice Full exemption for local components in goods produced by free zone projects when sold to the local market (inside the country) from customs duties on those components

Company liquidation is a key legal step when ceasing activity or dissolving a company in general, whether in the case of liquidating a partnership company, a joint-stock company, or a limited liability company. The decision to liquidate a company is issued by the partners, the general assembly, or the owner. Canceling the commercial registration is the first legal step to liquidate the company and avoid fines and taxes.    In this article, we will discuss the reasons for liquidating partnership companies, as well as the liquidation steps and the necessary documents to comply with the legal form of proper liquidation under laws and regulations. Table of ContentsPartnership Companies Reasons for Liquidating a Partnership Company Steps to Liquidate Partnership Companies  Required Documents for Liquidating Partnership Companies Fees for Liquidating a Partnership Company   Impact of Liquidating Partnership Companies on the Saudi Economy Benefits of Enacting the Partnership Company Liquidation System  Liquidating a Partnership Company with the Help of Experts at Tariq Al-A’mal Al-Alamiya (Global Business Path) Partnership Companies Partnership companies are a type of company composed of two or more partners, where each partner is fully responsible for the company’s debts and obligations. These companies were common in the past due to their ease of establishment and flexibility, but they faced challenges related to transparency and protecting the rights of partners and creditors. In partnership companies, there is no separation between the company’s assets and the partners’ personal assets, meaning that partners can lose their personal assets in case of company bankruptcy. This is the fundamental difference between limited liability companies and partnership companies.  Reasons for Liquidating a Partnership Company Liquidating a partnership company does not necessarily result from a dispute; rather, there are several general reasons that lead to liquidating companies of various types, including partnership companies. These reasons include: The expiration of the company’s term, if a specific duration was defined in the founding contract. The disappearance of the company’s founding purpose. The impossibility of practicing the company’s activity due to loss of capital. Dissolution of the company by law, based on a judicial ruling for any reason. Partners’ consensus to dissolve the company. Death of one of the founding members, provided this is mentioned in the company’s founding contract. A rare case that may cause liquidation: only one partner remains due to the death, withdrawal, or bankruptcy of the others. In this case, the remaining partner has 90 days to correct the path by adding a partner or changing the company type; otherwise, the company is liquidated by law if not corrected within this period.  Steps to Liquidate Partnership Companies The liquidation process includes several steps, divided into general steps and executive steps:  General Steps Settling obligations: All company debts and financial obligations are paid off. This is done after a comprehensive review of the company’s financial status and identifying all creditors. Distributing assets: After settling debts, the remaining assets are distributed among partners according to their shares. This step requires preparing a detailed report on the company’s assets and liabilities. Announcing the liquidation: The liquidation is officially announced through the legally specified means, such as publication in the official gazette or on the Saudi Ministry of Commerce website.  Executive Steps You can always visit the National Platform for Government Services in Saudi Arabia and start the liquidation request by following these steps: Access the Partner Decisions System link (PD.MC.GOV.SA). Select the required service. Fill out the form and submit the request. After approval and documentation of the request, pay the fees. The contract is published. The commercial registration is canceled via the digital branch.  Required Documents for Liquidating Partnership Companies Some documents are required to complete the company liquidation legally and to cancel the commercial registration. These documents are submitted in two stages:  First Stage of Liquidation Partners’ liquidation decision according to an official meeting minutes on company stationery, certified by the Chamber of Commerce or a Ministry of Commerce official. Liquidator’s seal on stationery, with signature certification. A recent financial statement for the company as of the liquidation date from a certified public accountant in Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Investment approval for liquidation if the company is licensed by the Ministry of Investment. Second Stage of Liquidation After 30 days from the publication of the decision submitted in the first stage, a new decision is submitted for the second stage with the following requirements: A certificate from the General Authority of Zakat and Income confirming no objection to canceling the commercial registration of the liquidated company. Seal of liquidation end date on stationery, with signature certification. Final account from a certified public accountant in Saudi Arabia.  Impact of Liquidating Partnership Companies on the Saudi Economy This is viewed as a positive indicator that strengthens the Saudi economy because the liquidation system leads to: Increasing confidence in the private sector: By enhancing transparency and protecting the rights of different parties, investor confidence in the private sector grows. This leads to increased investments and economic growth. Improving the Kingdom’s global ranking: These reforms help improve Saudi Arabia’s ranking in international business environment indices, such as the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index. Encouraging modern companies: Instead of partnership companies, the establishment of limited liability companies (LLCs) or joint-stock companies is encouraged, which provide greater protection for partners and are more suitable for large investments. Benefits of Enacting the Partnership Company Liquidation System Enhancing transparency: Partnership companies often suffered from a lack of financial and administrative disclosure, leading to difficulties in monitoring their performance and protecting stakeholders’ rights. This lack of transparency was a barrier to attracting foreign and local investments. Protecting creditors’ rights: Since partners in partnership companies are personally liable for company debts, there were significant risks to creditors in case of company bankruptcy. Liquidating these companies helps reduce these risks and protect creditors’ rights. Complying with international standards: Liquidating partnership companies aligns with Saudi Arabia’s move to comply with international corporate governance standards, boosting the confidence of foreign and local investors. This step helps improve the Kingdom’s

The Golden Residency is a long-term residence visa that allows its holder to stay in the UAE for a period ranging from 5 to 10 years. This residency is granted to various categories, such as investors, entrepreneurs, doctors, creatives, researchers, and special talents, provided that specific criteria and conditions are met for each category. The Golden Residency is a strategic step to attract talents and expertise and to boost investments within the UAE, contributing to sustainable economic and social development. If you wish to obtain a long-term residency inside the UAE, here in this article are all the necessary details from the beginning until obtaining the residency. What is the Golden Residency? The Golden Residency program is a program launched by the UAE government aiming to grant its holder the opportunity to reside in the UAE without the need for a sponsor or guarantor inside the country. It has been issued to include granting stay for different durations depending on the applicant’s category. The residency can be for five or 10 years according to the issuance category. The Golden Residency holder enjoys many exclusive benefits, which include a multiple-entry visa valid for a certain period inside the UAE, a residency visa inside the UAE for five or 10 years renewable, and the ability to travel and stay outside the UAE for a period exceeding six months. Benefits of the Golden Residency in the UAE Permanent residency in the UAE provides many advantages that cannot be obtained from other types of residencies, including the following: No need for a sponsor inside the country. Issuing residency permits for the family of the residency holder, including spouse and children. Ability to bring in a number of support service workers for the residency holder. Allows family members to stay inside the UAE for the entire duration of the residency. Types of Golden Residency in the UAE It is worth noting that the Golden Residency is granted to many categories, each with different conditions and costs. These categories include: Investors in public investments Real estate investors Entrepreneurs Talented individuals Specializations including doctors, scientists, and those in arts and culture Inventors, executive managers, and specialists in scientific fields Conditions for the Golden Residency The conditions for granting the Golden Residency vary according to the applying category; conditions differ between investors, real estate investors, scientists, executive managers, and doctors. Below are the conditions that must be met for each category to obtain the semi-permanent residency in the UAE: Obtaining the Golden Residency for Real Estate Investors You can obtain the Golden Residency by investing in real estate in the UAE. Several conditions are required, the first of which is owning a property worth no less than 2 million AED. In this case, you will be granted a visa to enter the UAE valid for five years, renewable without the need for a sponsor. In addition to owning property worth 2 million AED, a proof of ownership must be issued from the Real Estate Registration Department confirming ownership of the property to the applicant for residency, without any outstanding loans against the property from UAE banks. Also, proof of residence within the UAE must be provided, either by ownership of a property or a valid tenancy contract. Obtaining the Golden Residency for Investors in Public Investments Applicants for the Golden Residency can obtain a residency visa valid for up to 10 years without the need for a sponsor, provided they invest no less than 2 million AED in one of the approved investment funds inside the UAE. In addition to submitting documents proving the deposit of the mentioned amount as a minimum, a valid trade license, and a company establishment contract. It must also be verified that the invested amount was not obtained through a loan from any bank inside the UAE. Golden Card for Doctors and Skilled Professionals The UAE offers a unique opportunity for specific categories of doctors, skilled professionals, and special talents to obtain long-term residency, also known as the “Golden Card.” This initiative aims to attract exceptional competencies and talents that contribute to enhancing the country’s economic and social development. Residency for High Salary Earners Individuals with salaries exceeding 30,000 AED (basic salary) can apply for long-term residency in the UAE, but they must provide official proof of receiving this salary from the competent authority. Steps to Obtain the Golden Residency If you aim to obtain a long-term residency that can extend up to 10 years, you should follow these steps: Check eligibility for the qualified categories. Submit the nomination application via the official platform. Attach the necessary documents according to the category. Pay the prescribed fees for the application. Application evaluation and approval by the competent authorities. Issuance of the Golden Residency after approval. Obtaining long-term residency in the UAE can be the ideal solution to provide a safe life for you and your family. You can contact us at Global Business Path, and we will assist you in obtaining the Golden Residency from the first step until the end. Exclusive Benefits of the Golden Residency in the UAE His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, announced permanent residency in the UAE, which includes many unique advantages: Multiple-entry visa: valid for six months to complete the Golden Residency procedures inside the UAE. Long-term renewable residency: lasting 5 or 10 years depending on the eligible category, with renewal possibilities under specified conditions. Independence from a sponsor: provides the freedom to start businesses, work, and own property without the need for a sponsor. Family residency permits: ability to issue residency permits for family members, including spouse and children. Bringing in supporting labor: allows holders to bring an unlimited number of supporting workers. Family stability after death: grants residency to family members of the deceased until the end of the residency period. High-level facilities: thanks to the UAE’s advanced infrastructure. Income tax exemption: exempts Golden Residency holders from paying income tax. Prestigious

قانون العمل السعودى، الميثاق الرسمى للحفاظ على حقوق العاملين فى السعودية. تعرف المملكة العربية السعودية على أنها واحدة من أهم وجهات العمل وكسب العيش في العالم حيث يعمل بها ملايين من العمال من العديد من الجنسيات, ومن أجل توفير بيئة عمل سليمة وأمنة صدر قانون العمل السعودي في عام 2005 في عهد الملك عبد الله بن عبد العزيز ثم بعد ذلك حدث للقانون عدة تحديثات أهمها ما صدر في أغسطس 2024 فقد تم تحديث وحذف عدة مواد وظهر جليا أن التوجه العام لدى المملكة هو توفير بيئة عمل تنافسية وعادلة في نفس الوقت.

Residency renewal in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the essential requirements that residents must adhere to in order to ensure their legal stay in the country. To avoid severe consequences, it is necessary to understand the fees for residency renewal in the Kingdom and the conditions required for its renewal. Following the digital transformation the Kingdom is undergoing as part of Vision 2030, residents can now renew their residencies easily through electronic platforms such as Absher and Tawakkalna, which saves time and effort. The government has also provided several methods for paying fees electronically, making the residency renewal process smooth and stress-free, provided all conditions are met before submitting your application. In this article, we will review the conditions and fees for residency renewal, as well as the steps to consider during the renewal process. Table of Contents Residency renewal fees for 2025 Required conditions and requirements Steps for renewal through Absher and Tawakkalna Electronic payment methods How to check residency status after renewal and print the document When does a resident’s residency lapse? Categories exempt from residency fees Documents required for manual residency renewal How to renew residency if it has expired? Can I renew residency electronically while residing outside Saudi Arabia? What are the prices of services provided by the Saudi Passports Directorate? Frequently asked questions Cost of Residency Renewal for 2025 Residency renewal fees vary depending on the type and category of the resident. Below are the details of the annual fees specified for each category: Annual Residency Renewal Fees Domestic workers (private driver, maid, nanny, cook): 600 Saudi Riyal annually. Employees in private companies and institutions: 650 Saudi Riyal annually. Resident’s spouse: 500 Saudi Riyal annually. Dependents under 20 years old: 500 Saudi Riyal annually per individual. Residency Renewal Fees for Two Years Domestic workers: 1200 Saudi Riyal. Private sector employees: 1300 Saudi Riyal. Resident’s spouse and dependents: 1000 Saudi Riyal. Possible Additional Fees Dependents and companions: 400 Saudi Riyal per month per individual. Health insurance: Depends on the service provider and the chosen insurance category. Exit and re-entry visa: 200 Saudi Riyal for multiple exits, and 500 Saudi Riyal for an additional 3 months. Residency Renewal Conditions To have the renewal application accepted, the following conditions must be met: The resident must be inside the Kingdom when submitting the application. The passport must be valid for at least 6 months. No unpaid traffic violations. No recorded absconding report against the resident. Completing the required medical examination from authorized entities. Having valid health insurance. Paying all required fees through available methods. Steps for Electronic Residency Renewal To facilitate residents and citizens, the Saudi government has made it possible to renew residencies electronically at any time and from anywhere, thanks to the Kingdom’s robust technological infrastructure. 1. Through the Absher Platform Log in to the Absher Individuals platform. Select “Electronic Services” then “Passports“. Click on “Residency Renewal”. Select the resident or sponsored individual whose residency is to be renewed.. Specify the duration of residency renewal (one or two years). Review the information and ensure its accuracy. Pay the fees through available methods. Confirm the request and receive a confirmation message upon successful completion. 2. Through the Tawakkalna Platform Access the Tawakkalna app on your mobile phone. Log in using your account details. Select “Services” then “Passports”. Choose the option “Residency Renewal”. Enter and review the required information. Pay the fees electronically. Confirm the request and wait for a notification confirming successful renewal. Electronic Payment Methods for Residency Renewal Fees Residency renewal fees can be paid easily through the following methods: Online banking services (e.g., AlAhli Online, AlRajhi Mabashir). ATMs by selecting “Government Payments”. Banking apps on smartphones. Electronic wallets such as STC Pay and Apple Pay. Payment via SADAD bills through bank accounts. How to Check Residency Status and Print the Renewed Document Checking the residency status is essential to avoid fines and violations. The most important methods to check residency status include: 1. Checking Residency Validity through Absher Log in to Absher Individuals. Go to “Electronic Services”. Select “Check Residency Validity”. Enter the residency number and verification code. View the residency status and expiration date. 2. Printing the Renewed Residency Access the Absher platform. Go to “Passports Services”. Select “Residency Management” then “Print Residency”. Enter the required information and click “Print”. The document can be received via Saudi Post or from passport offices. When Does a Resident’s Residency Lapse? According to the law, residency lapses in the following cases: Failure to renew residency within 3 days of its expiration. An absconding report filed against the resident by the employer. Leaving the Kingdom and not returning within 6 months after the expiration of the exit and re-entry visa. Death of the resident or change of nationality. Categories Exempt from Residency Fees According to Saudi law, some categories are exempt from residency renewal fees, including: Newborns of resident parents in the Kingdom. Students receiving government scholarships. Expatriates from countries exempted under special agreements. Children of Saudi women married to non-Saudi husbands. What Are the Prices of Services Provided by the Saudi Passports Directorate? Adding a dependent born in the Kingdom: Free. Final exit visa: Free. Residency renewal for students holding a study visa: Free. Visit visa extension: 100 Saudi Riyal. Issuing or renewing a Saudi passport for 5 years: 300 Saudi Riyal. Issuing or renewing a Saudi passport for 10 years: 600 Saudi Riyal. Issuing a single exit and re-entry visa: 200 Saudi Riyal, provided the travel duration does not exceed two months. For exceeding two months, an additional 100 Saudi Riyal per month is required, and the residency must be valid. Multiple-entry visa valid for six months: 3000 Saudi Riyal. Multiple-entry visa valid for one year: 5000 Saudi Riyal. Multiple-entry visa valid for two years: 8000 Saudi Riyal. Issuing a residency permit for domestic workers such as farmers and shepherds: 600 Saudi Riyal per worker. Issuing or renewing residency for new dependents or renewing their residency after reaching the legal age of 18:

Limited Liability Companies (LLC) are considered one of the most common types in the business world, as they provide flexibility and protection for investors. However, in some cases, company owners may face challenges or obstacles that lead to the necessity of making a decision to liquidate limited liability companies. Liquidation is considered a complex legal process that requires taking precise steps starting with determining assets and debts, then moving to distribute profits to shareholders according to their shares. In this article, we will review the stages and importance of liquidation and how companies can deal with this option to solve legal and financial problems and avoid financial penalties. What is a Limited Liability Company? A limited liability company is a type of commercial entity that is established under the umbrella of Saudi law, consisting of two or more shareholders with a maximum of 50 shareholders. It is called “limited liability” because the partners’ responsibility for the company’s debts and obligations does not exceed their percentage of participation in the company. Characteristics of Limited Liability Companies Number of partners: The number of partners in limited liability companies ranges from two partners to 50 partners. If the number exceeds 50 partners, the company must be converted to a joint stock company instead of remaining a limited liability company. Partners’ liability: Partners’ liability is limited to the amount of their shares in the company, and they are rarely required to pay the company’s debts from their personal funds beyond their shares in the capital. Trade name: The company’s trade name must include the phrase “Limited Liability” or “LLC”, which distinguishes it from other types of companies. Company management: The company can be managed by one or more managers appointed in the incorporation contract or by a decision issued by the partners, allowing flexibility in how daily business operations are managed. Transfer of shares: Partners are allowed to transfer their shares to third parties, but this must be done according to the legal conditions specified in the incorporation contract. Commercial activities: Limited liability companies can practice most commercial activities, except those that require special licensing from relevant authorities. Legal oversight: The company is obligated to submit legal declarations annually and is subject to oversight by competent government authorities such as the Saudi Ministry of Commerce. Liquidation of Limited Liability Companies Liquidation of limited liability companies means the necessary procedures that must be taken after dissolving or terminating the company for certain reasons. These procedures include inventorying the company’s assets, properties, and funds, in addition to inventorying the company’s debts and settling them. It also involves determining whether there are accumulated profits from commercial activity and distributing them to partners according to their shares. Usually, the decision to liquidate the company is made in the following cases: Company losses that reach half of the founding capital. Accumulation of debts on the company. The company stops practicing its commercial activity. The liquidation process is carried out under the supervision of a person called the liquidator, who is responsible for liquidating the company’s business and paying its debts, in addition to distributing profits if any exist. The liquidator has legal powers to perform their duties within the legal limits determined by law during the liquidation process. Types of Limited Liability Company Liquidation Compulsory liquidation: This is a type of liquidation where a court issues a decision to liquidate the company based on a request from partners due to the accumulation of debts on the company. In this case, the judiciary intervenes to organize the necessary procedures for liquidating the company. Voluntary liquidation: In this type of liquidation, partners voluntarily pay the company’s debts. After paying the debts, the liquidation process begins without the need for court intervention, where decisions are made by the partners themselves. Voluntary liquidation by members: In this case, the liquidation decision is made voluntarily by the company’s founders, and coordination is carried out between members based on an official meeting minutes, allowing the completion of regulatory procedures flexibly according to partners’ decisions. How is an Operating Limited Liability Company Liquidated? As mentioned earlier, the liquidation process of limited liability companies begins immediately after the decision is issued, whether from the court or voluntarily by the partners. Then the liquidator (or more than one liquidator) is chosen to complete the liquidation procedures according to the legal steps specified in the Saudi system. Legal Steps for Liquidating Limited Liability Companies Referring to the incorporation contract or articles of association: Initially, reference is made to the provisions contained in the incorporation contract or the company’s articles of association. If there are texts indicating how to liquidate, they must be adhered to. Partners’ agreement or court ruling: The liquidation process is implemented either based on an agreement between partners according to the incorporation contract or a subsequent agreement, or pursuant to a court ruling in case of company dissolution by court order. Appointing the liquidator: The liquidator is appointed by the partners or through a court ruling. In some cases, more than one liquidator may be appointed. Terminating the manager’s and board’s authority: Once the liquidator is appointed, the authority of the company’s manager and board of directors ends, and their tasks are limited to the work necessary to complete the liquidation process under the liquidator’s supervision. Making accounting records available: During the liquidation period, partners can only access the company’s documents and records. They must provide all financial and accounting records as well as assets and debts owed by the company. Publishing the company dissolution decision: External parties must be informed by publishing the company dissolution and liquidation decision through appropriate legal means. Inventorying assets and debts: The liquidator inventories the company’s funds, assets, and debts, then begins the process of settling these debts. Debt payment is arranged according to priority: Preferential debts (such as due taxes). Ordinary debts (such as commercial debts). Insufficient company funds to pay debts: If the company’s funds are insufficient to pay its debts, the remaining debts are distributed among